Timeless Myths
timeless-myths
All articles published under the "Timeless Myths" name.
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621 Articles
timeless-myths
All articles published under the "Timeless Myths" name.
621 Articles
Introduction This ten-line poem from Catullus is full of emotion. He wrote it to his brother, who has died . Catullus actually addresses the silent as
Introduction Catullus 109 is an honest love poem to an unnamed person . Most likely , that person is Lesbia , the woman that he address in a large per
Introduction In Catullus 110 , the poet addresses Aufilena who is a mistress of the politician Caelius. She and her brother Aufilenus are favorites of
Introduction The challenge in understanding Catullus 112 is figuring out in what tone this poem should be read. Is Catullus serious or is he sarcastic
Introduction In Catullus 12 , the poet is clearly accusing Asinius Marrucinus of being a thief , and not a very good one. He claims that Asinius Marru
Introduction In this poem, Catullus discusses his brother’s death , but the reader doesn’t learn this until line six. In the first five lines, Catullu
Introduction In several of Catullus’s poems, he addresses incestual relationships . He does this in 78 with a man named Gallus who has two brothers .
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Cos was one of the Dodecanese islands, west of the Carian city of Cnidus, Asia Minor. The people of Cos (Coans) were originally called the Merops afte
In Phoenicia, Agenor ruled in the city of Sidon (sometimes it was Tyre). Agenor was the son of the sea-god Poseidon and Libya. Agenor was also a broth
Goddesses of fate. The Fates or Moerae (Moirai) were known by Hesiod as the three daughters of Nyx ("Night"): Clotho, Lachesis and Atropos. In later a
Heimdall was known as the White As ("As" is singular for Aesir). Heimdall was the son of the Nine Waves (nine giantesses, who were sisters; this meant
Aengus: God of Love Aengus, god of love, youth, and poetry in Celtic mythology , was the son of the Dagda, the chief of the Tuatha Dé Danann, the Celt
Persian wedding traditions are old enough that they can be traced all the way back to Zoroastrian times. Many elements in Persian wedding ceremonies f
Sumerian goddesses, also known as Mesopotamian goddesses, were the female deities of Sumer, the very first literate Mesopotamian civilization. Like th
The crusaders attacked Constantinople to avenge Alexius IV’s death and to repay the debts owed to them. The attack on Constantinople sent the ancient
Indeed, why were scribes important? Scribes were the people tasked with recording information such as keeping track of business transactions, pacts, a
Ptah was a god of creation in Egyptian mythology. He was also worshiped as the god of craftsmen who took a particular interest in architects and sculp
Have you ever wondered how tall spartans were? We collected all the known facts and tried to be as precise as possible when answering the question. To
You may ask what happened in the year 666 because of the infamous history of the number 666, wondering both about the year 666 B.C. or the year 666 A.
The Greek Mythology Timeline consists of heroes, villains, mythological creatures and deities. The timeline is spread over five major ages/episodes, e
How did Perseus die? The question is often asked knowing that Perseus was a very famous personality in Greek mythology. He was a demigod and was known
Owls in Norse Mythology play an important role. Owls are regarded as sacred birds that guide travelers in the right direction. In this article, we bri
Norse vs Celtic is a famous comparison because of many similarities and differences between the two mythologies. These mythologies have been around fo
Dragons with fur are popular in ancient mythology among Asian countries. The mythology narrates such dragons to be very powerful and strong yet have a
How to get to Valhalla? What is the easiest and at the same time, the quickest route to Odin’s Paradise? Here we bring a step-by-step guide , a do’s a
The Anunnaki Bible is a collection of ancient Sumerian cuneiform tablets. Among many other things, this compilation contains the ancient sources of ma
Mannerbund is a male society with practically no room for women. What do they get from joining the bund? Is it just for men, or might there be some in
Norse demigods are very famous in Norse mythology and even beyond the mythology. Probably because they have been shown to possess great power and stre
What did Achilles look like? This is a question that is asked many times just because of the popularity Achilles has gained with the narration of the
Hundreds of years ago, armor made of wood was a type of armor people wore while defending themselves in battle or against enemies. It was common among
Babugeri is a Bulgarian pagan ritual that has been performed since ancient times and continues to be practiced now. Learn about the history, tradition
The Celts are quite known to be indulgent in terms of warring and fighting, hence the prominence of Celtic war paint . With their fighting prowess, th
Huns and Mongols have been usually compared because of their similarities that have caused confusion in Eurasian history. The Huns came first, arrivin
How old was Achilles when he died? This question has been asked many times, and rightfully so because there is no authentic data or explanation presen
A question many daring diners ask is “ was pozole made with ‘human’ meat ?” Pozole is a traditional stew from Mexico that has existed for centuries, b
Inanna was an ancient goddess of the Sumerian civilization. The Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians adored her as she represents love, war, fertilit
The pronunciation of the name of Caesar has been a complicated topic to fully grasp as we all have different languages, accents, and manners of speaki
Native Americans' facial hair can sometimes go unnoticed; some say native Americans don’t grow beards, yet some say they do. Their ability or inabilit
Fairy powers include healing, invisibility, electrokinesis, immortality, and many more. Fairies are supernatural beings that have been around as long
Friedrich Karl Johannes von Schlebrügge , also known as Colonel Baron Friedrich Karl Johannes von Schlebrügge, was a German monarchist who served duri
You may assume that Viking facial paint was used by Nordic peoples during the heyday of the Vikings. However, the real story behind it is much more co
Cambyses II was the second king of the Achaemenid Empire who ruled from 530–522 B.C.E. He was a son of Cyrus the Great, who was known as the “ King of
King Darius III was the last ruler of the great Persian Empire. His reign was filled with controversy and demise, which happened at the end part of on
The battle of elf vs fairy is an old one. This is because the two categories are similar to each other in a few aspects. Elves and fairies are probabl
King Khafre and the world-famous Sphinx of Giza are the same. A closer look between the two would reveal that the features of the pharaoh could also b
Marduk was an ancient agricultural god from the third millennium BCE who went on to become one of the most important gods of the Mesopotamian pantheon
The temple of Philae from early times was sacredly intended to honor the cult goddess of magic and spells, Isis; it can also be called the temple of I
Were Romans Italians? Yes, as the Romans came from the Italian Peninsula —that is if the geographical location of the land they inhabited was the only
The 10 Plagues of Egypt were the disasters inflicted by God on Egypt for not following His command to free the Israelites. These were also the consequ
When you convert denarii to USD by using the international currency exchange rate, one denarius is worth 1.781755 US dollars , as of this writing. Thi
This list of pharaohs is a compilation of all of the notable ancient Egyptian rulers, starting from the first ruler in Early Dynastic Egypt to the las
The samurai shield functioned as an armor element and a samurai weapon, and its use has been misunderstood and questioned by many. Are you interested
A triangular bayonet is a type of bayonet characterized by its triangular cross-section. Bayonets were very useful and became popular in the early 17t
Fairies' magic is a very interesting phenomenon in folklore and media today. The concept of fairies has been around since the start of time. The diffe
Fairies are supernatural creatures that have the same height as humans . These semi-humanoids are world-famous for their abilities and charm. However,
The question regarding what fairies eat is an interesting one to ask because of how different the fairy folk are from us. These creatures have been po
This is a question that is widely asked. The reason behind it is that no one has actually seen a fairy-like tooth fairy. There have been various sight
Why does iron hurt fairies? The simplest answer would be that the metal iron has some natural defensive properties against creatures like fairies, tro
Are fairies evil? To say the least and according to popular folklore, fairies are evil. The answer to this question is probably not what you expected.
There are various goddesses of fairies since the fairies and their religion are very different from that of humans. The religion of fairies is very pe
Why do tooth fairies collect teeth? It is a common question asked around the world. The tooth fairy and her adventures are very famous around the worl
Oedipus’ tragic flaw , his great leadership qualities, and the punishment he suffers are some of the most discussed themes in literature. In this arti
The Battle of Jaffa was part of a series of military campaigns of the crusaders led by the King of England, Richard I, and Sultan Saladin, a Muslim le
Horus and Jesus similarities are definitely a mind-blowing controversy if you will read the story about each of these individuals. They were respectiv
Templars vs crusaders, what are their differences? While the two had many similarities, they were fundamentally different. The first was a holy milita
Ramses II (1303–1213 BC), also spelled “Ramesses” or “Rameses” and pronounced variously, was the third pharaoh of the 19th Dynasty of Egypt. His reign
Apries was the Pharaoh of Egypt who thought he would rule magnificently just like his predecessor. Soon after some initial successes, he got into deep
Darius the Great , King of Persia (522–486 BC), was hailed as a genius administrator in one of the greatest kingdoms of ancient times—the Persian Empi
Mehmed III was the Ottoman Empire’s last prince to be appointed governor and who participated himself in battlegrounds. He captured Eger and won the B
Mustafa I was the 15 th sultan of the Ottomans and ascended to the throne twice after succeeding his brother Ahmed I. The first part of his reign last
The Assyrian captivity was when the northern kingdom of Israel began to be taken captive by the Assyrians from approximately 734 B.C.–732 B.C. Their c
Cleopatra VII held great power during her reign as queen of the ancient Egyptians, and she had one of the most well-known influences in ancient Egypti
Enemies of Israel include countries that are openly anti-Israel as well as certain radical parties committed solely to the destruction of this tiny Je
The first battle of El Alamein was one of the three encounters that occurred during World War II (1939–1945). It was when the world’s superpowers—the
Homosexuality in ancient Egypt is a topic much debated over by Egyptologists and historians for a long time now. There are very few depictions of homo
Kings of Israel lasted from about 1020 BCE to 922 BCE under the United Monarchy of Saul, David, and Solomon. Eventually, the nation ended up splitting
Peasants in Ancient Egypt comprised almost 80 percent of the Egyptian population. They belonged to the lowest level of the social pyramid of ancient E
The Pyramid of Saqqara is the name of a structure that most commonly refers to the Stone pyramid of Djoser which is one of the earliest stone building
The Temple of Dendera is one of the most prominent and well-preserved temples in the Dendera Temple complex in Egypt. It was built by Ptolemy XII Aule
Ninhursag was a deity in the ancient Mesopotamian pantheon who began as a city goddess. Slowly, she rose through the ranks to attain the enviable posi
Amenhotep I was the principal pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty whose exploits helped to push the frontiers of Egypt into Nubia. He got as far as the Second
The economy of ancient Persia was a wildly successful system that grew exponentially with time. The Persians were competitive people and brought wealt
Ankh vs Cross is a centuries-long debate about two very important religious symbols. This debate has encompassed two of the most important religions a
Throughout history, one of the most confusing topics to discuss would be the difference between Assyrian vs Syrian. These are completely different ter
The Battle of Actium was an ancient naval war between Octavian’s fleet and the two combined maritime fleets of Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII of Egypt.
Egyptian astrology combines the characteristics of the gods and goddesses with that of people through the alignment of different stars in the sky at n
Khonsu was the Egyptian god of the moon whose responsibilities included lighting the sky at night and keeping night travelers safe. His adherents invo
Maat was both a goddess and an abstract idea which governed ancient Egyptian society. As a goddess, she enforced truth, justice and order. As an ideol
Ottoman Architecture is world-famous for its illustrious structures and excessive use of tiles, minarets and tombs. The best thing about Ottoman archi
Sekhmet was a deity who was in charge of war and victory in ancient Egypt. Also known as Sakhmet, the goddess was known to be responsible for diseases
Seshat , sometimes spelled Seshet, was the female divine writer who oversaw writing, arithmetic and wisdom in ancient Egypt. Her duties also included
Amenhotep III was the grandfather of the famous King Tut or Pharaoh Tutankhamun. Unknown to many, Amenhotep III is one of the pharaohs who had the mos
Hatshepsut was a full-blooded royal who led Egypt to become one of the world’s most vibrant and powerful empires during her 22-year reign, which began
Seti I , also known as Menmaatre Seti I is the second pharaoh of the 19th Dynasty of Egypt, in the New Kingdom. The Egyptian priest Manetho falsely cl
Shamash was a sun god who ruled the people of Sumer and was responsible for dispensing justice and enforcing morality. He was part of a triad of gods
Tiamat was a goddess of the sea who existed at the beginning of time. Her husband was Apsu, the god of underground freshwater, with whom she created o
Kamose was the last king in the 17th Dynasty of Egypt who led several wars against the Hyksos to free and unify Egypt. The Hyskos were foreign rulers,
Ottoman empire slavery was a legal and rampant practice in the empire, and it has been one of the biggest concerns of the civilized world. Since ancie
The Ottoman Empire's social structure was integral to the nation and was strictly enforced. From its humble beginnings to its dynastic rule, the peopl
The Ottoman Empire trade routes grew from the narrow streets of Anatolia to the Silk Road. The Ottomans were big on farming and trading, which changed
The Sultanate of women was a period in the Ottoman empire where the females that were close to the Sultan had a profound influence on the political en
The Temple of Horus is a temple located in Edfu City, Egypt, that was built to honor the ancient Egyptian god Horus. The Edfu temple is one of the mos
The Valley of the Queens is an ancient valley where female spouses lived after their death. It was where all the queens, princesses and other nobiliti
Xerxes was the fifth ruler of the Persian Dynasty. Also known as Xerxes the First, he was the king of Persia who was made famous not only because of b
Thutmose III was the sixth pharaoh of the 18th dynasty, reigning approximately from 1479 BC to 1425 BC, and was considered the longest reigning ruler
Ahmose I was appointed as a pharaoh at a young age and reigned approximately from 1550 BCE to 1525 BCE. Read to find out how the victory and legacy of
In the second battle of El Alamein , the Allied forces outdid the enemies. It happened when their military genius and good fortune corresponded to the
How many arrows are in a quiver? On average, 10 arrows are carried in a typical quiver . However, archers bring their arrows and quivers with them wit
Studying mythology gods is our way, in the modern world, to look into the ancient past . Myths began as a way to explain the world and the experience
Devshirme or devşirme was introduced by the Ottoman Empire, forcing Christian children to convert to Islam. During the 14th century, the Ottoman Empir
Amenhotep II was the successor and son of the late Pharaoh Thutmose III and was named as the seventh pharaoh of the 18th dynasty. His reign from 1427
Amenhotep IV (1332 BC–1356 BC) was known as a revolutionary or even heretic king of Egypt because his reign was characterized by unprecedented transfo
Cleopatra III was also famously known as Cleopatra Eurgetis, or sometimes by the name Kokke. Born to an illustrious family, Queen Cleopatra III was pr
Darius II was also known as Darius II Nothus, and people regarded him as the King of Kings of the First Persian Empire, or the Achaemenid Empire. He r
One of the most unique and famous deities that came from ancient Egyptian mythology was Heqet, the goddess of fertility who was depicted as a frog . C
Horus vs Ra is a debate as old as time . Both deities have similar symbolisms of an eye, but with vastly different meanings. In this article, we’ll be
The Exodus story tells us of how enslaved people fled to Canaan, but how did the Israelites become enslaved in Egypt in the first place? The Bible cla
Merneptah ruled with the kingdom’s protection on top of his mind during his reign. He displayed his might and courage in terms of security in Egypt. H
Ptolemy VIII Physcon , often referred to as Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II or Ptolemy the Benefactor, was a vehement ruler of Egypt. He first tasted power
Thutmose I (also read as Thutmosis, Thutmosis I and Thothmes) was the third pharaoh in the 18th dynasty of ancient Egypt. Some historians believe that
Thutmose II was not a full royal, but he became the fourth pharaoh of the 18th dynasty. The length of his reign is disputed among scholars and histori
The Abbasid is an Arabic dynasty that ruled over the Islamic Empire from 750 A.D. until 1258. It was the longest and most influential dynasty in the h
Abzu god was an ancient Mesopotamian water deity worshiped in Sumer, Babylonia, and Assyria. Abzu — also known as Apsu and Absu — initially represente
You couldn’t be reading this without having a knowledge of what these combinations of letters indicate; for that, you have one of the most outstanding
Syria has a long and illustrious literary history. Adonis, the poet, is one of the most respected figures in the history of Middle Eastern poetry. In
The Adyghe are fascinating people who live in the Caucasus region of the Russian Federation. Not only does the Adyghe language have a wide array of di
Historians will tell you everything you need to know about Algeria’s first leader after its independence from French colonial rule, Ahmed Ben Balla. A
The state of Algeria is a relatively modern creation. It has a long history that connects the Ottoman Turks and the French empire. In this article, we
Algerian culture is strongly influenced by the country’s contemporary history and its mixed Arab and Berber heritage. The largest country in Africa by
The Almohads were the largest Berber empire to ever exist on the African continent . Their territory spread from the Iberian Peninsula to modern-day L
Amenemhat III ruled Egypt and is known to have excelled in military, agriculture, culture, and economics. He rose to power as the sixth king of the 12
Amurru was the god of the Arabian immigrants, the Amorites, according to the ancient people of Mesopotamia. They settled in the adjoining lands of the
In the age of antiquity, nations prospered when they had a valiant ruler who was presumably invincible, just like the pharaoh of the ancient Egyptian
Ancient Egyptian cities emerged in history as the birthplace of discoveries. Their legacy is beyond our imagination, and modern civilizations are grat
While Egyptians stand out in many ways, ancient Egyptian clothing has made a landmark in the evolution of clothing style. You will see how they could
Numerous hieroglyphic carvings and symbolic pictures of ancient Egyptian food from the Old and New Kingdoms have been discovered in temples and tomb w
Ancient Egyptian hairstyles reveal many secrets about the inner workings of Egyptian society. As is the case today, there was much more than being sty
Ancient Egyptian houses are a representation of the early Egyptians' engineering skills and how they lived in the past. Homes, as symbols of warmth an
Revealing the marvelous treasure of ancient Egyptian jewelry is an exciting endeavor because it is tantamount to an invitation to a jeweled palace of
Thousands of years before the birth of the modern fashion industry, ancient Egyptian makeup and beauty rituals shaped the art and culture of one of th
Staying healthy is a prime reason why ancient Egyptian medicine flourished. The people were health conscious and innovative in keeping themselves stro
It is easy to assume that ancient Egyptian money was in common circulation for thousands of years before the Common Era. Actually, the idea of exchang
Thousands of years before the first appearance of the first musical notation system, ancient Egyptian music and dance played an important role in the
Whenever a discussion focuses on Egypt, there is always an interconnection between the country and its culture to the ancient Egyptian religion . This
Ancient Egyptian sports are one of the many physical activities enjoyed for fun in ancient Egypt. They are similar to the sports activities and games
Ancient Egyptian tattooing is likely as old as Egypt itself, with archeologists discovering tattoos on mummies dating back to the Predynastic period.
Ancient Egyptian technologies have been evident in architecture, arithmetic, language, astronomy, medicine, and a lot more. While you know that the an
During the 3000 years of existence of Pharaonic Egypt, Ancient Egyptian temples functioned as places of worship and centers of wisdom and learning. As
Ancient Egypt was ruled by the pharaoh, but it was the ancient Egyptian vizier that helped him govern the country , settle disputes, oversee provincia
Ancient Egyptian wars had played a decisive role in the destiny of this great civilization and helped the pharaohs defeat Egypt’s many enemies. During
Reminiscing about the wars in history leads us to wonder about how ancient Egyptian weapons empowered the pharaoh’s army. Since time immemorial, soldi
Modern people are fascinated by how an ancient Egyptian wedding was held. Surprisingly, no wedding ceremony was performed in the past to formally anno
Ancient Egyptian entertainment could be defined in an exhilarating way. Even if the ancient Egyptians were regularly described as death-obsessed and d
Ancient Egyptian slaves existed since the dawn of Egyptian civilization. Each period in the history of ancient Egypt had slaves, although the roles th
Ancient Egyptians social structure was destined to gain power for the making of a formidable nation in history. With all its strength, affluence, and
Ancient Egypt’s animals hold the key to the proper understanding of ancient Egyptian society and culture. The animal had a larger place in Ancient Egy
Ancient Egypt’s jobs were highly specialized and required skilled workers, prompting the Egyptians to establish the world’s first schools in order to
Ancient Egypt’s jobs and job specializations made it possible to undertake complex engineering projects using only primitive tools. Ancient Egypt was
Ancient Mesopotamian foods included a wide variety of vegetables, fruit, and meat. The so-called Fertile Crescent — a crescent-shaped region of the Mi
Ancient Persian architecture is known around the world for its intricate, geometric and symmetric layouts. Throughout history, Persian design elements
Ancient Persian clothing is one of the most celebrated and extravagant fashions in the history of the world. From decorated head turbans to metal cumm
The ancient Persian gods are world-famous for their powers, huge following and stories. These gods, who are now considered a myth, were once the guard
Ancient Persian women did not enjoy the same freedom as ancient Persian men. The Persian women had to fight hard for their lives and to make a name fo
Understanding the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty requires knowing what transpired during the inter-war years in Egypt. In the inter-war years, an unsettled Egy
The Anglo-Iraqi War, or the Rashid Ali Coup, was an important battle that took place in Iraq during WW2. The clash was part of the wider military camp
The accounts of Ankhesenamun are some of the most celebrated stories in the ancient history of Egypt , although her reign was short compared with that
Few non-divine characters are so pervasive across Mesopotamian mythology as the Anzu bird. For millennia, this part-lion-and-eagle demonic creature ap
The Apkallu, whose nature and origin remain unclear, is often referred to in the clay tablets inscribed in the cuneiform script of ancient Mesopotamia
The Arab language is a vital part of the Islamic faith. For 200 millions of people throughout the Arab world, it is their first language. Arabic was t
The argument of Arab vs Persian has been cooking up since ancient times. This argument is no different than Chinese vs Korean or Japanese. Each cultur
Arabs in simple terms refer to people whose native language is Arabic. In 1946, the Arab League defined an Arab as follows: “An Arab is a person whose
The Armenian Church has its origins in the Age of the Apostles. Historical evidence shows that two of Jesus’ disciples, St. Bartholomew and St. Thadde
The Armenians, an ancient people of the North Caucasus, have a history of thousands of years and a colorful, varied culture that makes them different
Ashur was a local agricultural deity of the Assyrian city of Assur. Over the centuries he rose to become the supreme deity of the Assyrian empire. How
Aspelta became the fourth king of Napata after the Assyrians’ defeat of Pharaoh Tantamani- which consequently ended the Nubian kingdom’s reign over Eg
With its humble beginnings as a small Mesopotamian city-state, Assyria eventually became one of the first great empires of the Middle East. During the
Assyrian people were an ancient society who lived in the northern part of Mesopotamia, now modern-day Iraq, and parts of Iran, Syria, and Kuwait. Assy
Atum is known as the primary god in ancient Egyptian mythology . The god that was present when there was nothing else present, not even the physical w
Iran’s high-ranking Shia clergy are the leaders of Islam in Iran and have tremendous power in the country’s political system. Throughout the 20th cent
Babi was one of the most prominent deities that people worshipped at the time of the ancient civilization of Egypt. He was the god of the underworld a
The vibrant sense of fashion of Babylonian clothing added a touch of style to their immense influence. Emerging as one of the mightiest civilizations
Babylonian women and Sumerian women had vital and specific roles in ancient Mesopotamia. From sex workers to homemakers to being divine fill-ins posse
Baghdad's history began during the Islamic Golden Age when the city was founded by the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mansur. From humble beginnings, the city woul
Baibars is one of Egypt’s most important Sultans, a Mamluk warrior, and an influential figure in the Middle East during the 13th century. Baibars’ rul
Baldwin IV was the teenage king who reigned over Jerusalem while tackling leprosy. In history, Baldwin was most famously known for his intelligence an
Balian of Ibelin was a crusader from the Kingdom of Jerusalem. He is most famously known as the defender of Jerusalem in the 12th century. Balian’s li
Bastet was the ancient Egyptian goddess of cats , beauty, love, entertainment and pleasure. Also known as Bast, she was originally a lion-headed godde
The Battle of Kadesh , also known as the Battle of Qadesh, took place near the present Lebanon-Syria border and was a battle between the armies of the
The Battle of Montgisard is one of the most famous battles during the Crusades , which ranged from the years 1095-1291. The Battle of Montgisard took
Two foremost powers of the ancient Near East, Egypt, and Persia clashed in the Battle of Pelusium , which decided the future of Ancient Egypt. For tho
The Bedouins were originally herders who sometimes also engaged in agriculture and fishing if the area allowed it. They temporarily settled from one p
The Berber people have inhabited North Africa for centuries and survived years of assimilation, persecution, and invasion. Though Berber culture began
The Beys were the first rulers of the Ottoman Empire . The provinces or regions which they controlled had the name beylik or governorate. They equated
Cairo's history is well known and mysterious to nearly anyone who has ever seen a picture of the pyramids. Have you ever wondered how the ancient city
Cambyses was a renowned man in ancient Persia who was also called Cambyses the Elder . Many historians also call him Atradates, which was originally t
Situated on the eastern shore of the Lake of Tunis in what is now Tunisia is Carthage . This city was at one time the capital of ancient Carthaginian
Carthaginian generals were fierce military leaders in the ancient world who led Carthage during its shift from a small trade city to one of the most p
Babylonia assimilated the Chaldean people and absorbed their country in the sixth century BC. Chaldea had come into being between the late 10th and ea
The characteristics of Egyptian art followed certain specific rules which gave little or no room for creativity. For instance, painters were to use a
The Christian communities of the African continent were some of the earliest Christian communities in the world. While Roman and European influences h
In Islam, the Companions of the Prophet (Ashab or Sahaba in Arabic) were disciples of Muhammad. They were the people who had physical contact with the
The Coptic Church, also known as the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria , is an oriental Christian church in Egypt. According to ancient records, Ma
The County of Edessa was one of the states under crusader rule in the 12th century . Today, the county of Edessa would be somewhere along the borders
The crusaders were at the forefront of the holy wars in medieval times. To become a crusader, one had to take a vow, proposed by Pope Urban II on a fa
Cuneiform and Hieroglyphics were two writing methods invented in Mesopotamia and Egypt, respectively. These two writing systems helped record the acti
Writing is a form of human communication that involves the use of language, and Cuneiform writing is recognized as humankind’s earliest form of writin
The Egyptian lifestyle that is shown in movies nowadays is not what it was at all compared with the daily life in ancient Egypt long ago. The movies h
Damascus' history reveals the secrets of the city known as the Pearl of the East, referring to the city of Damascus, the capital of Syria. It has earn
On the west bank of the Nile, directly across the Karnak Temple Complex at Luxor, lies Deir el-Bahri , a complex of mortuary temples and tombs and the
Djedefre, known as the immediate successor to the throne of Khufu , was poised to shape the course of the royal kingdom of Egypt through his enduring
The Druze , a secretive religious sect that is spread throughout Syria, Israel, and Lebanon, is a prominent religious minority in the Levant. Despite
Dumuzid, the god of shepherds and the husband of Inanna, was worshiped by the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians and Assyrians thousands of years befor
Egyptian culture has thrived since ancient times. Considered the cradle of civilization, Egypt has proven its resilience with its rich history and pow
Egyptian history is closely intertwined with the history of civilization itself. From its humble beginnings, Egypt rose to become the world’s first su
Egypt’s major industries have changed drastically, thanks to an economic transformation. Access to services, energy, and water spurred economic activi
Egypt religion has largely impacted Egypt’s history and social life for the past three thousand years. From Pharaonic to modern times, religious worsh
While life was precious for the ancient Egyptians, death required elaborate rituals to complete a ceremonial Egyptian burial practice. Death for the e
Egyptian gods vs Greek gods is a debate that has been going on for quite some time now. The reasons for this debate are some unanswered questions, a f
A wall inscription in the Temple of Hathor at Dendera seemingly depicts an ancient Egyptian light bulb which some interpret as evidence that the Egypt
Since the dawn of time, marvelous women like Egyptian queens have shown their influence in the birth and development of our civilization in the midst
The Egyptian gods were central to the lives of Ancient Egyptians, so they interpreted every event through the lenses of these Egyptian deities. They r
Also known as Al Fashir, El Fasher city is one of the biggest cities to be found in North Darfur, Sudan. It is the capital of Northern Darfur, Sudan,
Enki, a supreme god in Mesopotamian mythology, was worshipped as the god of water and the Lord of the Earth. He was known to the Akkadians as Ea. He i
Enlil was the Mesopotamian god in charge of controlling the realm of deities. As you might know, Mesopotamian mythology is the quintessence of the pow
Of all the ancient writings in cuneiform, few have garnered general interest as the Babylonian creation myth Enuma Elish . Aside from linguistic studi
Great nations are made by great rulers, and ancient Egypt was built by the wisdom and courage of famous pharaohs through their distinct approach to le
With political and religious power, the Fatimids ruled an empire in North Africa that later expanded toward the Middle East from 909 until 1171. They
A fatwa is a legal ruling under Islamic law which offers an opinion on religious ethics and morals. It is rarely considered a death sentence. Read on
Fustat is the “Old City” of Cairo, Egypt’s capital. Fustat was the first Muslim capital of Egypt when a Caliphate’s general conquered it in 640 A.D. F
Led by Mohammed Naguib and Gamal Abdel Nasser , the Egyptian national revolution of 1952 is probably one of North Africa’s most pivotal events in hist
The Egyptian god Geb is one of the most important deities of Egyptian mythology. He is part of the Ennead pantheon and is one of the earliest Egyptian
Gift of the Nile is an expression that you have surely heard if you ever read about ancient Egypt. Ancient Egyptians believed that the Nile was a gift
The Golan Heights refers to a fertile mesa in southwestern Syria with political and strategic importance, belying its size. Israel confiscated the Gol
Located in Cordoba’s beautiful mid-sized hill-covered city, the Great Mosque of Cordoba , locally known as Mezquita, is an impressive historical struc
The Gula goddess was the ancient civilizations’ divinity of good health and strength. You must know that, for the ancient people, health is humanity’s
The history of Algeria can be tracked down to the time of Numidia or the army that rode horses. You may recall that they were called cavalry and then
In a country officially known as the Kingdom of Bahrain, the history of Bahrain unfolds in this beautiful island nation formed from two seas in the Ar
The history of Kuwait tells another invigorating story of humanity. Interestingly, it is one of the smallest countries in the world, with only 10 isla
To have a deeper understanding of the history of Lebanon , you have to know its location. Lebanon is one of the member states of the Levant, which is
Horemheb or Haremhab ruled Egypt as the last king of the 18th dynasty with a clear vision to restore the nation. He reigned from 1319 BC to 1292 BC wi
During the Second Intermediate Period 1700-1550 BC, the Hyksos introduced horses to ancient Egypt . Archaeologists have uncovered evidence of horses f
The Persian army numbered over a million, according to ancient sources, and naturally, that worked to their advantage at war. Today, experts believe t
The desert impacted ancient Egyptian civilization by protecting its people from invasion. So, the people and civilization of ancient Egypt were genera
When we think about ancient Egypt, we often reflect on how old it is; from the beginning of its Dynastic Period to the Fall of Egypt, a harmonious soc
Mesopotamia changed their nomadic way of life around 3500 BC, when agriculture was introduced from India. Before this period, the usual lifestyle and
How did mummification reflect Egyptian beliefs about the afterlife, which encompassed belief in the resurrection of the body and everlasting life? To
The tale of how Saladin changed the Middle East is an interesting one. Saladin ousted the crusaders from the Middle East , hoisting the flag of his re
The steps that led to the Assyrian Empire fall are tragic. The Assyrians were one of the most resilient and developed nations of all time. The reason
Given the underlying factors, how the Crusades affected the Byzantine Empire is evident. Though the Crusades are assumed to have been wars of righteou
How did the Nile shape ancient Egypt into the glorious kingdom that we read about today? Egypt, once a complete desert, rose to power and civilization
How did the Ottoman Empire treat non-Muslims? Given that religious mistrust, discrimination, and persecution is as old as religion itself, one might b
For how long did the Egyptian empire last? From its unification by Menes around 3100 BC until its conquest by Alexander the Great in 332 BC, Ancient E
Egyptian pyramids are one of the most magnificent man-made structures in the world, and everyone has heard about the pyramids at least once in their l
Humbaba is a mythological monster, armed with an enormous and terrifying body. The Assyrians used the denomination Humbaba, while the Sumerians in Akk
Ibn Tumart was a North African Muslim leader who founded the Almohad movement in North Africa. Tumart led a Berber tribesmen’s organization to end Alm
You will be in awe of Imhotep because of his achievements as the second king of the third dynasty of ancient Egypt. He became famous as a vizier, sage
The country of Iran unveils the heart of the Persian empire and the wealth of Iranian culture . It has played a significant role in history as a power
Iran's history is often thought to have begun as early as the Paleolithic (Old Stone Age), approximately 10,000 years BCE when the first semi-permanen
The Iran-Iraq War, also known as the First Persian Gulf War , was an eight-year war from 1980 to 1988. It claimed millions of lives and amounted to a
Iran's religion is quite unique, considered that it is the only country in the world where Shia Islam is the official religion. Many Iranians have cri
Modern-day Iraqi culture reflects its Mesopotamian roots as the world’s oldest advanced civilization. The population of Iraq practices a wide array of
Iraq’s history makes it one of the oldest human civilizations in the world. From its ancient Mesopotamian roots to its tumultuous modern history, Iraq
With its Sumerian roots as Ancient Mesopotamia, Iraq is one of the world’s oldest civilizations, and so is its Iraqi religion . It also one of the wor
Isimud, also known as Usmu in Akkadian legends, was a Mesopotamian god. In Sumerian mythology, Isimud the “two-faced god” was a sukkal of the god Enki
In recent years, Islamism has become a powerful force that shapes the Muslim world. With the belief that current Islamic communities are stuck in a st
Israel's historical timeline is a long and arduous road towards independence. It is one in which the series of events that transpired from Biblical ev
Religion in Israel , complicated that it is, has played a big part in shaping the nation’s history. Multiple conflicts have stemmed from the religious
With its unique stature in the world as the birthplace of three religious faiths, Israel uncovers its century-old Israeli culture , which can be trace
Janissary is a term that designates one of the elite members of the Ottoman Sultan’s army. They were established during the rule of Sultan Orhan, the
In 1978, John Glubb published an inspiring essay with striking observations about the human race across the ages. In his essay, he found patterns in t
The country of Jordan is a predominantly Sunni Muslim country, though there is a significant Christian population. There are also many other minority
Unlike Islam and Christianity, Judaism revolves around the belief that the Jewish people were specifically chosen to form a covenant with God. This ex
Karaites have a historic religious lineage that dates back to the 1st and 2nd centuries BC. For as long as the religious movement has existed, there h
History is full of leaders that have a tattered legacy due to incompetent leadership and corruption, but few have reached the level of mismanagement a
Khnum was the god of the Nile who was worshiped in Elephantine and the city of Esna. His recognition and worship began in the Old Kingdom, where the a
Khufu is regarded as one of the most significant leaders in the ancient world. Also known as Cheops to the Greeks, he was the second pharaoh of the in
The Knights of Lazarus were a group of knights diagnosed with leprosy in Jerusalem. The order of St Lazarus was a haven for leprosy-ridden knights whe
The Koran, also called Quran or the Qur’an , is the chief religious text of Islam. Muslims believe it to be a revelation from God (Allah). God reveale
Kutahya is a prominent city in Turkey, known widely as one of the capitals for ceramic and tile production throughout the Middle East. Kutahya attract
Kuwait is one of the Arab states located in the Persian Gulf, bordering Saudi Arabia and Iraq. While it is known that these states share a common cult
Kuwait is one of the member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council or GCC. Just like most Arab countries, Islam is the main religion in Kuwait. Howeve
Lamashtu is a female demon god of ancient Mesopotamian mythology. She is associated with many extremely bad deeds. In literature, Lamashtu can only be
Lamassu , also known as Lama or Lamma, is an ancient Mesopotamian goddess. This protective deity was usually considered female but was occasionally po
The Lebanese culture is one of the most diverse in Arab countries. It is like a beautiful garden with everything within it that can leave its visitors
Lebanese people share many of their cultural characteristics of the Arab world. Yet, it has attributes that differentiate it from many of its Arab nei
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You could almost miss Leontius of Byzantium with such a short reign, but if you did, you would miss out on a mystery. Who was this flash in the pan, 3
High life expectancy in Libya remains elusive and nowhere near close to a panacea. You can take the pulse of a society by looking at its life expectan
Have you ever asked yourself, “ what’s the longest train in the world ?” What are its dimensions? How fascinating can it be to watch the train move pa
The Lydians lived in ancient Anatolia, and their land started at the Aegean sea and stretched eastward. They occupied the Cayster and Hermus river val
The Republic of Mahabad was founded in January 1946. Although it survived for less than a year, it hugely influenced Kurdish nationalists around the w
Mahmoud Darwish was called the voice of Palestine and declared as its national poet. He is chiefly remembered as a resistance poet but he objected to
Mandeans are an ancient religious group that first lived in southern Mesopotamia more than 2,000 years ago. Their rituals vaguely resemble Zoroastrian
Mani the Prophet had followers who were neither Muslim, Buddhist, nor Christian. He believed salvation was possible and that he was an apostle of Jesu
Marduk vs Tiamat is an epic story of love, revenge, and sacrifice. This battle took place at the time of the ancient civilization of Mesopotamia and l
Located at the crossroads of sub-Saharan Africa and the Maghreb region, Mauritania shares most of its land area with the Great Sahara Desert . Thus, m
Mazdakism is an ancient Iranian religion that rose in popularity during the 5th century. It had a dualistic cosmology and worldview revolving on light
The ancient city of Bakkah (Arabic Makkah), known to most as Mecca , is in western Saudi Arabia. Its location is in the Sirat Mountains, inland from t
Melkites are present-day Catholics who follow Byzantine theology and Middle Eastern traditions. This old religion is an interesting mix of spiritualit
Mentuhotep II, also known as Nebrehepetre, was the pharaoh that unified Upper and Lower Egypt , thus leaving an indelible mark in ancient Egyptian his
The Mesopotamian climate is an interesting, as well as crucial, facet of Ancient Mesopotamian history. Ancient Mesopotamia is one of the earliest and
The Mesopotamian climate is hot and dry. An arid climate in the mainly desert region of Mesopotamia, its latitude and elevation are on the mid to high
With the advent of large cities, Mesopotamian daily life was influenced by the economic status and political positions of the ancient people. They sta
The early concept and importance of money were first felt in ancient Egypt and in the commencement of the flourishing Mesopotamian economy, which pave
Believed to be one of the places where the early civilization was born, Mesopotamia geography unveils a glorious era in the development of mankind. It
Since time immemorial, western Asians relied on the Mesopotamia irrigation canals for a promise of immense agricultural harvest. Strategically located
Mesopotamian major cities varied greatly in terms of their foundation and specific culture. They were also very different from the major cities of tod
The Mesopotamian military is famous for its inventions and warfare tactics. The ancient civilizations in Mesopotamia were at constant war with each ot
Mesopotamian social structure differed from that of the other civilizations that superseded it. Furthermore, unlike the other great civilizations, Mes
Mesopotamian specialized workers were crucial for building the many incredible civilizations of the Fertile Crescent. Their existence allowed for an e
The story of writing, astronomy, and law begins in one place, the Mesopotamian Civilization. Mesopotamia came from the Greek for middle—mesos—and rive
Mesopotamian homes were the center of community and family, the same way the home is today. In times of old, ancient Mesopotamian housing consisted of
The Mesopotamian political structure is the earliest form of democracy that we know today. With this, the ancient Mesopotamians undoubtedly gave us th
Mesopotamian record-keeping was the reason literacy in the Near East and the rest of the world was born. The development of writing in Mesopotamia was
Middle Kingdom Egypt refers to a time in Ancient Egyptian history that stretched from approximately 2030 BCE to 1640 BCE. The Middle Kingdom is define
Minarets came about because mosques were structurally small, so practitioners used mini-towers to perform their call to prayer. According to Hadiths,
Reza Shah Pahlavi was originally called Reza Khan . He became a formidable leader of the Pahlavi dynasty and introduced significant changes in the kin
Morocco is one of the most fascinating countries in the Maghreb region. Its geographical location presents a distinct blend of African, Mediterranean,
Morocco's religion is a concern as the country is one of the most popular tourist destinations in North Africa. The cities of Marrakesh and Casablanca
The mosque, also known as Jami or Masjid in Arabic, is a temple or place of worship for Muslims. The term Masjid in Arabic means “ place of prostratio
Mosul, Iraq is one of the few cities in the Kurdish region that experienced diversity in its ethnic groups over time. The people of this city thrived
The Twelver Branch of Shi’a Islam believes Muhammad al-Mahdi to be the end-times redeemer. Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Mahdi is the last of the Twelve Im
Mushussu isn’t necessarily someone more as it is something, according to Babylonian myths. To give you a more accurate idea, in Mesopotamian myths muš
The Muslim Brotherhood Egypt , Arabic al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun, is a religio-political group. Scholar Hassan al-Banna established the group in 1928 in th
Nabi Berri , a political figure, is one of the most influential politicians in Lebanon. He’s the leader of the Amal movement. He is also one of the wo
Nabu was the Babylonian wisdom and writing god, as well as the second most important deity in Babylonian mythology. Unfortunately, we lack evidence of
The thought of Nergal as the god of death has been an extremely frightening idea for every man in ancient Mesopotamia. You surely don’t want to talk a
Nestorianism, a Christian doctrine, revolves around the work of Nestorius, one of the first bishops of Constantinople. Its literature, however, includ
The Ninth Crusade, sometimes paired with the Eighth Crusade, is widely regarded as a major medieval campaign to the Holy Land led by the military expe
Ninurta is a famous ancient god of the Mesopotamian people who was most widely worshipped in the Sumer era. Ninurta has various attributes that change
The city of Nouadhibou is on the Atlantic west coast of Africa in the country of Mauritania. It boasts the world’s largest ship graveyard, with 300 ve
Nouakchott is the dominating city in Mauritania, acting as both its capital and its main economic hub. The city is most notable for its deep-water por
Nyala, Sudan is a famous city known for its processed foods, leather goods, and textiles. With over 565,734 population during the 2007 census, the cit
The Ottoman Empire trade routes grew from the narrow streets of Anatolia to the Silk Road. The Ottomans were big on farming and trading, which changed
There are a wide variety of Ottoman weapons used by the army forces of the Ottoman Empire throughout the centuries, including swords, bows, guns, rifl
Palestine's history unveils an incredibly turbulent part of the historical and political side of the Middle East. Marked by perennial invasions and mi
Palmyra, Syria is the birthplace of the Palmyrene Empire. The Palmyrene Empire was a short-lived, small city-state of the Roman Empire. It was born fr
Pazuzu was an ancient Mesopotamian demon, but he was also a deity . He brought with him destruction, famine, disease, and was the representation of th
Piankhi (741–715 BC) was the king of ancient Nubia who initiated the invasion of Lower Egypt and eventually founded the 25th dynasty of Egypt. With hi
Psusennes I was better known as Pasibkhanu or Pasebakhaenniut in the early times. His real name meant “The stellar in the metropolis,” and he ruled in
Ptolemy II Philadelphus or Ptolemy the Great, who served as the pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt (283 – 246 BC) was one of the impressive leaders of the Gre
Many people have surely heard of names like “ Hannibal ” and “ Carthage ” from high school history, but the colossal legacy of the Punic Wars has been
The Pyramid of Khafre is located in Giza, on the outskirts of Cairo, known as being the home of the remarkable ancient Egyptian pyramids. Several of t
At the Giza Plateau on the outskirts of Cairo stands the pyramid of Menkaure, the 4th Dynasty Pharaoh Menkaure, son and heir of Khafre, and the grands
A qadi is a Sharia law judge who interprets and passes judgments following Sharia law. Find out more about these Muslim magistrates by reading on. Wha
The Qarmatians were a sect in Shia Islam whose actions sent shockwaves in the Islamic world after the sacrilege they committed in Mecca. The sect’s vi
Qatar’s history is interesting. The country was once an impoverished British protectorate but is now one of the world’s wealthiest countries. This art
Rahotep came from a great royal family honored for its power, authority, and wealth. You could imagine his lifestyle, beliefs, education, and manners
Ramesses IV (1155–1149 BC) is also known as Ramses or Rameses. He ruled as the third pharaoh of the 20th dynasty of the New Kingdom of ancient Egypt.
Many Egyptian pharaohs had built grand monuments, but only a few of them can match the majesty of the Ramesseum . A mortuary temple of Ramses II, the
Ramses I came from a nonroyal lineage, but he became the first pharaoh of the 19th dynasty. Historians commented that his regime served as a bridge be
Raymond III of Tripoli was a crusader, living here and there in Jerusalem and Tripoli. His life was connected to some of the main characters of that t
Syria is a Muslim country with a relatively relaxed adherence to the religion compared to other Middle Eastern countries. Before the Syrian Civil War,
Reza Shah Pahlavi was originally called Reza Khan . He became a formidable leader of the Pahlavi dynasty and introduced significant changes in the kin
The royal library of Ashurbanipal housed the knowledge of the ancient world more than a thousand years prior to the founding of the world-famous Libra
Saladin was one of Egypt and Syria’s greatest sultans and most celebrated Muslim heroes. Saladin was known for his great military prowess and for defe
Salafism is considered the most conservative sect of Islam, with Saudi Arabia being the most prominent Salafi country. While Salafism in the 21st cent
For Saudi Arabia, religion is at the center of their everyday life. The country’s entire population consists of adherents of Sunni (90 percent) and Sh
Born as a commoner in 1464 BC, Senenmut started working as an architect and government officer in the 18th dynasty before becoming a close member of t
Senusret I portrayed a colorful reign during one of the most important times in the history of Egypt. He was celebrated as the second pharaoh of the 1
Sharia Law is a widely debated topic on the international stage. Many people think of it as an extremist body of law that is used to implement strict
Shiraz is one of Iran’s most prominent cities, acting as the economic and administrative hub of southern Iran. The city is well-known as a prominent l
Sibylla, queen of Jerusalem , reigned from 1186-1190 AD. She was a woman of passion and love, and she lived during a tumultuous time. She became the h
The inevitable decline of the Phoenicians during the siege of Carthage in 146 BC marked a crucial time in world history. Knowing Carthage’s superior p
The Sipahi or Ottoman cavalry troops were effective, well-armed, and dangerous knights who met enemies on their army’s flanks or when they got close t
The accounts of slavery in Mesopotamia are a woeful series of events. From mutilations to murders and rapes, the masters were lawfully entitled to the
Smenkhkare was an enigmatic ruler whose legacy echoed throughout ancient Egypt. His name means “vigorous is the soul of Re,” and his unknown backgroun
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Egypt has been ruled by valiant men of power and authority, but there came a point when a queen, the female pharaoh Sobekneferu, actually led the coun
Sudanese culture can be better understood by beginning with the knowledge of its people and their history. Originally, the term “ Sudan ” was taken fr
Sudanese religion has played a dominant role in this African nation’s cultural and political life for almost two millennia. Islam is the religion prac
The Suez Canal’s opening in 1869 brought fundamental change to the international trade system. The waterway eliminated an estimated 10,000 kilometers
The Suez war , or popularly known as the Battle of Suez Canal, was a historical turning point in geopolitics. The dispute over access to the Suez cana
The Sumer and Elam war was the first recorded war in human history. It occurred in 2700 BCE between the Sumerians and the Elamites over trading routes
Sumer was the first major civilization to emerge in ancient Mesopotamia, reaching its peak sometime in the late 5th or early 4th millennium B.C, lasti
Sumer was the earliest known ancient civilization in the Mesopotamian region between the 6th and 5th millennium B.C. The Sumerians were known for thei
Sumerian art is rich in decoration and intricacy. Semiprecious stones, such as lapis lazuli, marble, and diorite, and valuable metals, such as hammere
Sumerian inventions changed the course of history and enabled humankind to build the first true civilization. The Sumerian civilization flourished in
Sumer is also known as the cradle of civilization. It originated in the ancient lands of Mesopotamia, an area well known for its fine workmanship for
The Sumerian military contributed in large measure to the success of the Sumerian civilization , one of the earliest in the world. Flourishing between
When comparing the Sumerian tablets vs Bible tales, you will find countless similarities, but it is difficult to find every parallel because there is
Between 85 and 90 percent of the world’s Muslims follow Sunni Islam . It is the largest branch of that religion by far. The Arabic language refers to
Syria's history is full of political instability and hostility with both the West and neighboring countries. The unrest and widespread violence charac
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The Talysh are a tiny minority group of people in northern Iran and southern Azerbaijan who speak a language called Talysh and have a unique identity.
In Egypt’s Aswan Governorate, 30 miles north of the eponymous city, stands one of the unique buildings of Ancient Egypt: the Temple of Kom Ombo. Built
The Six Day War , which happened in 1967, is often cited by historians as the creation of modern Israel’s presence both in the Middle East and interna
The Alawites are a religious minority that lives mostly on the Mediterranean coast of Syria. Elite Alawites have been the dominating force in the Syri
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Tunisia's history is long and rich, owing to the fact that the territory of modern-day Tunisia was home to many diverse cultures. The recorded history
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The similarities between Mesopotamia and Egypt are truly remarkable. The Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations emerged roughly in the mid to late th
For non-Muslims interested in Islam, one of the common questions they ask is, “ what did the prophet Muhammad look like ?” For most Muslims, prophets
Ancient Egyptian fashion continues to inspire today, and the pharaohs' clothes were some of the most extravagant. So what did the Egyptian leaders wea
Many Assyrian inventions were so advanced that we make use of them today in one way or another. People from the 21st century might not expect that dai
What did the Hittites look like remains a question many have sought answers to over the years. The Hittites were unmistakably Mongoloid in body type,
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What did the Sumerians look like? This is a question that has been asked many times throughout history. There is no correct or authentic answer becaus
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Israel before 1948 was a scattered people or nation throughout Europe. After the Second World War, several events led to the formation of Israel. The
The climate in ancient Egypt was harsh and dry throughout the year. The rainfall pattern was very scarce, contributing to the extreme heat. Ancient Eg
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The Phoenicians’ history is an interesting one as they had a rich culture, heritage and history. On top of all that, the importance of the Phoenicians
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The Egyptians' origins are one of the most interesting and intriguing origin stories in the world. The tale starts with groups of people from differen
All classes of Egyptians participated in death rituals. This was because they believed that the rituals ensured the deceased was reborn. The funeral r
The descendants of the Hittites are all over Europe making it difficult to trace them. This is a result of many factors including the breaking up of t
The last pharaoh of Egypt, Ptolemy XV Caesar, was there when the powerful empire and civilization fell to the Romans. Also nicknamed Caesarion, he was
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We understand the importance of irrigation systems in Mesopotamia due to the continued existence of the ancient accounts for why the Mesopotamians wer
The fall of the Ottoman Empire is an important historical tale. The Ottoman Empire started with several tribes, who gathered under the name of their r
The Ottoman empire joined WWI because of their personal interests and welfare, or so they thought. History reveals all the positives and negatives of
The fall of the Persian Empire happened after a series of tumultuous periods, including an economic crisis, bad governance, power struggles within the
The Phoenicians established Carthage to serve as a trading post on the western Mediterranean. The strategic location of Carthage meant that all major
Why does Oedipus leave Corinth in Oedipus Rex? He left to escape a prophecy, but the answer doesn’t become clear to the audience until the story is we
Israeli military power is one of the strongest in the world today. Since its inception, it has won a majority of the conflicts in which it has fought.
Mesopotamia, called the cradle of civilization , was an ancient region located in modern-day Iraq. It was located between the Tigris and the Euphrates
The delta region to the north earned the name Lower Egypt due to the direction of the Nile . Ancient Egyptians relied on the Nile River for their live
Xerxes , the King of Persia is important due to the role that he played in the famous Battle of the 300 – this is what most people know him for. He ap
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The Ottomans' conquests were an integral part of their way of life, and that’s one of the reasons why they were such successful conquerors. Through th
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The Yazidi religion, also spelled as Yezidi , is a monotheistic religion that originated in Northern Iraq. While often misunderstood because of its be
Yemeni culture is one of the most exciting cultures in the Arab nation . With a history dating back to the time of Solomon, this country is bound to c
Yemeni history reveals a rich and unique character that deserves recognition. Much can be read about this beautiful country in the southwestern corner
Yemeni religion has shaped the country’s culture and traditions in more ways than one. After many crusades and wars, Yemen stood firm to its roots and
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Aphrodite: The Most Beautiful and Alluring Greek Sex Goddess Aphrodite, goddess of love and desire in Greek mythology, was the most beautiful and allu
Apollo: Greek God of Practically Everything, Except the Sun Apollo god of light, knowledge, and much more, was one of the most loved gods in Greek myt
Arawn: Lord of the Welsh Otherworld Arawn is the Lord of the Welsh Otherworld in Celtic mythology . He had similar traits to Hades/Pluto as well as th
Ares: The Brutal, Bloodthirsty and Unloved Greek God of War One of the least popular gods in Greek mythology was Ares, god of war . Greeks still worsh
Artemis: Goddess of Opposites Greek Mythology contains many contradictions, none more so than the goddess Artemis . While she was best known as the go
Aten: the Sun God Who Caused a Revolution Within the Egyptian Religion In this in-depth bio, you will learn who Aten was, his history, and the myths a
Athena: The Greek Goddess of Beautiful Inspiration and Warfare Athena, goddess of inspiration, warfare, and wisdom, was one of the 12 main deities on
Atlas: Titan of Strength and Endurance Atlas, Titan of strength, played a unique role in Greek mythology, but there is a popular misconception about h
Atum: The Self-Created God Who Became Father to the Pharaohs In this article, you will discover who Atum was, his history, and the myths and belief sy
The Aztec gods were part of the religion of the indigenous people of Mexico . The Aztec people flourished between 1300 and 1521 when the Spanish took
Babi: the White Backed Baboon Worshiped as a Bloodthirsty God In this in-depth bio, you will learn who Babi was, his history, and the many myths and l
Bacchus: The Roman god of wine and viticulture Bacchus was the Roman god of wine , wine-making, and drunkenness. His Greek equivalent was Dionysus, an
Badb: The Battle Crow Badb, goddess of war and death in Celtic mythology , can shape-shift into a crow. She was a frightening character with the face
Baldur: The Tragedy of Odin’s Son Baldur, god of beauty, wisdom, and fairness, was the most beloved of all the gods in Norse mythology. He was also th
Bastet: The Secrets of The Most Powerful and Popular Feline Goddess The Egyptian goddess Bastet was worshipped for around 3,000 years. One could argue
Benzaiten: The Muse of the Seven Japanese Lucky Gods Benzaiten (辯才天) is one of the Seven Lucky Gods in Japanese Mythology. She is considered to be a J
Bes: The Dwarf God Who Became The Protector Of Households And Childbirth In this in-depth bio, you will learn who Bes was, his history, and the many m
Bishamonten: The Stern but Generous Military God of Japan Bishamonten is famous in Japan and other Asian cultures, but is known by different names. Th
Brigid: The Exalted One Brigid, goddess of fertility, spring, and wells, was a Celtic deity of pagan Ireland . She was a prominent member of the Tuath
Cailleach: The Divine Hag Cailleach is a goddess of many names and titles, but for the most part, she is a divine hag . Even her name means “old woman
Caishen: The Chinese God of Money Who Blesses His Worshipers with Wealth and Prosperity In this in-depth bio, you will learn who Caishen is, his histo
Cangjie: the Historian who Invented the Chinese Writing System In this in-depth bio, you will learn who Cangjie is, his history, and why the Chinese w
This pantheon is a mixture of Celtic gods and goddesses taken from Scotland, Ireland, and Wales . Their myths were taken from ancient writings and col
Ceres: Myth of the Goddess of Grains Ceres, goddess of grains, is the Roman equivalent of Demeter in Greek mythology, and was the goddess of agricultu
Ceridwen: The Witch Goddess Ceridwen (sometimes spelled as Cerridwen) was a Welsh goddess , but she was more like a white witch, so she used her power
Cernunnos: Mystery of the Horned One Cernunnos was the Gaelic god of beasts, nature, and wildness. He was called the Horned One or the Celtic horned g
Chalchiuhtlicue: Aztec Goddess of Water Chalchiuhtlicue, the Aztec goddess of rivers and oceans, captures the imagination of readers . She was highly
Chang’e: Goddess of the Moon, Drinker of the Chinese Elixir of Immortality Chang’e is the Chinese moon goddess and the wife of the mythical archer Hou
Chinese Gods: Creators of the Orient In this article, discover the stories and history of the Chinese gods and goddesses . Chinese mythology is spellb
Coatlicue, or literally translated, “Snakes-Her-Skirt”, was the Aztec mother of the gods . She had over 400 children, one of them being the famous god
Coeus: Titan and Pillar of the North One of the more obscure characters in Greek Mythology was Coeus, Titan god of intellect. Little is known of him,