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Classical Mythology Greek and Roman myths, gods, heroes, and epic tales Norse Mythology Vikings, Asgard, Ragnarok, and the nine realms Celtic Mythology Irish, Welsh, and Gaelic legends and folklore Arthurian Legends King Arthur, Camelot, the Round Table, and the Holy Grail Egyptian Mythology Pharaohs, pyramids, and ancient Nile deities Japanese Mythology Shinto gods, spirits, and legendary creatures Chinese Mythology Dragons, immortals, and celestial beings Aztec Mythology Mesoamerican gods, rituals, and creation myths Ancient Literature Classical texts, translations, and literary analysis
Greek Gods The Olympians, Titans, and primordial deities Roman Gods Jupiter, Mars, Venus, and the Roman pantheon Norse Gods Odin, Thor, Loki, and the Aesir and Vanir Egyptian Gods Ra, Osiris, Isis, Anubis, and more Celtic Gods The Tuatha Dé Danann and Celtic deities Aztec Gods Quetzalcoatl, Tezcatlipoca, and Aztec deities Japanese Gods Amaterasu, Susanoo, and Shinto kami Chinese Gods Jade Emperor, Dragon Kings, and celestial beings View All 150+ Deities Browse the complete collection of mythological deities View all gods & deities
All Stories Browse 800+ mythology and history stories Characters Profiles of 67 mythological heroes, gods, and villains Mythology Stories Ancient myths and legends retold History Stories Historical tales from ancient civilizations Religion & Culture Religious traditions and cultural beliefs View all stories
Name Generators Generate fantasy and mythology-inspired names All Articles Browse 1,800+ articles on mythology and history About Timeless Myths Learn about this mythology resource Bibliography Sources and references used on this site FAQ Frequently asked questions Contact Get in touch with us
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  1. Classical Mythology
    Pantheon Heroic Age Royal Houses Geographia Facts & Figures Genealogy Bibliography About Classical Myths
  2. Heroic Age
    Heroes 1 Heroes 2 Heroines Amazons Perseus Theseus Heracles Argonauts Calydonian Boar Hunt Seven Against Thebes Trojan War Odyssey Aeneid Tales of Lovers Giants Centaurs Mythical Creatures
  3. Mythical Creatures
    Satyrs Myrmidons Dragon-teeth Men (Sparti) Earthborn Kings Argus Panoptes Geryon Graeae Keres Pegasus Arion Xanthus and Balius Ocyrrhoe Laelaps and the Teumessian Vixen Maera Cretan Bull Golden Fleece Calydonian Boar Crommyonian Sow Erymanthian Boar Nemean Lion Eagle (Aquila) Typhon Ceto Cetus Echidna Python Ladon Delphyne Campe Hydra Scylla Sphinx Chimaera Griffin (Gryphon) Cerberus Orthus Minotaur Gorgons Lamia Empusae Sirens Harpies Stymphalian Birds Caucasian Eagle Phoenix
  4. Earthborn Kings

Earthborn Kings

The following earth-born kings were the early rulers of Attica and Athens. They were mythical beings: part man and part serpent.

Cecrops was the first such king. It was during this time that Poseidon and Athena contested for the patronage of Athens.

Erichthonius was also part man and part serpent. Erichthonius was the son of Hephaestus and Gaea. Hephaestus wanted to marry Athena, the virgin war goddess. When Hephaestus tried to ravish Athena, the goddess managed to ward him off, causing Hephaestus' semen to fall on earth, from which Erichthonius was born.

Athena entrusted Cecrops' daughters (Aglauros, Pandrosos and Herse) to guard a chest, warning them not to open the box. Their curiosity of what was in the box brought about their madness and death, since they couldn't resist opening the box. What they discovered was the infant Erichthonius. Madness overcame the daughters of Cecrops; they ran off a cliff and fell to their death.

Athena then reared Erichthonius until he was old enough to become king of Athens.


There were other earth-born kings such as Lelex and Pelasgus (Pelasgos), who ruled in Argos, Arcadia and Messenia. Apollodorus also reported that he might be the son of Zeus and Niobe, and brother of Argus, king of Argos.

It doesn't say anything about Pelasgus or Lelex having a tail of serpent. They were born from the earth.

Related Information

Name

In Attica or Athens:
Cecrops
Erichthonius

In Peloponnese:
Pelasgus, Pelasgos.

Related Articles

Poseidon, Athena.

Athens.

Jimmy Joe Timeless Myths

By Jimmy Joe

Mythical Creatures:

  • • Satyrs
  • • Myrmidons
  • • Dragon-teeth Men (Sparti)
  • • Earthborn Kings
  • • Argus Panoptes
  • • Geryon
  • • Graeae
  • • Keres
  • • Pegasus
  • • Arion
  • • Xanthus and Balius
  • • Ocyrrhoe
  • • Laelaps and the Teumessian Vixen
  • • Maera
  • • Cretan Bull
  • • Golden Fleece
  • • Calydonian Boar
  • • Crommyonian Sow
  • • Erymanthian Boar
  • • Nemean Lion
  • • Eagle (Aquila)
  • • Typhon
  • • Ceto
  • • Cetus
  • • Echidna
  • • Python
  • • Ladon
  • • Delphyne
  • • Campe
  • • Hydra
  • • Scylla
  • • Sphinx
  • • Chimaera
  • • Griffin (Gryphon)
  • • Cerberus
  • • Orthus
  • • Minotaur
  • • Gorgons
  • • Lamia
  • • Empusae
  • • Sirens
  • • Harpies
  • • Stymphalian Birds
  • • Caucasian Eagle
  • • Phoenix
Early Kings of Athens

Early Kings of Athens

Cecrops I ErichthoniusCecrops I There is some confusion over who the earliest rulers of Athens were. Attica was probably originally called Acte or Actaea after its first king, Actaeüs (Actaeus). Cecrops married Actaeus' daughter Agraulus. Without ...

January 13th, 2001 • Jimmy Joe
Houses of Athens

Houses of Athens

The first family tree shows only two early kings of Attica. At the time, Attica was originally called either Acte or Actaea, after Actaeus. His son-in-law, Cecrops, succeeded him, and the new king renamed the entire region to Cecropia. The second ...

July 28th, 1999 • Jimmy Joe
Erichthonius: The Mythical King of the Ancient Athenians

Erichthonius: The Mythical King of the Ancient Athenians

Erichthonius of Athens was a great ruler who taught his people how to use horses to make their lives easier and better. The ancient Greeks believed that he was born from the earth but was raised by Athena, the goddess of war. Erichthonius grew to ...

February 16th, 2024 • Ancient Literature
Cecrops and Pandion II

Cecrops and Pandion II

Cecrops II Pandion IICecrops II Cecrops (Cecrops II; Κέρκωψ) was the eldest son of Erechtheus and Praxithea. When Poseidon killed his father, Cecrops and his brothers, Pandorus and Metion, asked their brother-in-law Xuthus to judge who was best su...

January 13th, 2001 • Jimmy Joe
Erechtheus

Erechtheus

Erechtheus was the son of Pandion and Zeuxippe. Erechtheus succeeded his father, and became the king of Athens. Erechtheus married Praxithea, the daughter of Phrasimus and Diogeneia. Erechtheus was the father of Cecrops, Pandorus and Metion, as we...

January 13th, 2001 • Jimmy Joe
House of Athens

House of Athens

Athens was the principal city of the region of Attica. The city was dominated by the citadel on top of the hill called the Acropolis. Athens would play an important role in ancient history during the Classical period (500-332 BC), when it became t...

January 13th, 2001 • Jimmy Joe
Athens

Athens

The principal city of Attica. The citadel of Athens was the Acropolis. The town Piraeus, south-west of Athens, was its main port. Athens was named after their patron goddess, Athena. The first king of Athens was either the earth-born Cecrops or Cr...

August 8th, 1999 • Jimmy Joe
Attica

Attica

Attica was the region south-east of Boeotia and west of the Isthmus of Corinth. Attica was ruled by two early kings, Actaeüs and the earth-born Cecrops, half-man, half-serpent. Attica was originally called Acte or Actaea after its first king, Acta...

August 8th, 1999 • Jimmy Joe
Gaea (Earth)

Gaea (Earth)

The personification of earth and the goddess of the earth. Gaea was also known as Gaia or Ge, but to the Romans she was known as Terra Mater and Tellus. According to Diodorus Siculus, her name was also Titaea. Gaea was born together with Nyx ("Nig...

April 19th, 1999 • Jimmy Joe
Heraclids

Heraclids

The Heraclids (Ἡρακλειδαί) were the children and descendants of the hero Heracles (Ἡρακλἣς). The ancient Greeks believed the Heraclids became the ancestors of rulers in Argos, Sparta and Messenia, when the Mycenaean civilisation collapsed during t...

August 23rd, 2003 • Jimmy Joe
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